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Six Types of Training and Development Methods
1.On-the-job Training and Lectures
The two most frequently used kinds of training are on-the-job training and lectures, though little research exists as to the effectiveness of either. It's usually not possible to show somebody everything she must know at a location away from the workplace. Thus on-the-job training often supplements other kinds of training, e.g., classroom or off-site training; but on-the-job training is steadily the only form of training. It's often casual, which means, sadly, that the trainer does not concentrate on the training as much as she ought to, and the trainer could not have a well-articulated picture of what the novice needs to learn.
On-the-job training just isn't profitable when used to keep away from developing a training program, though it could be an efficient a part of a well-coordinated training program.
Lectures are used because of their low price and their capacity to achieve many people. Lectures, which use one-way communication as opposed to interactive learning strategies, are a lot criticized as a training device.
2. Programmed Instruction (PI)
These devices systematically present info to the learner and elicit a response; they use reinforcement principles to promote appropriate responses. When PI was initially developed within the 1950s, it was considered helpful only for fundamental subjects. Right this moment the method is used for skills as numerous as air site visitors control, blueprint reading, and the evaluation of tax returns.
3. Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI)
With CAI, students can be taught at their own pace, as with PI. Because the student interacts with the pc, it is believed by many to be a more dynamic learning device. Educational alternatives can be quickly chosen to suit the student's capabilities, and efficiency might be monitored continuously. As instruction proceeds, data are gathered for monitoring and improving performance.
4. Audiovisual Strategies
Each television and film extend the range of skills that may be taught and the way info may be presented. Many systems have electronic blackboards and slide projection equipment. Using strategies that combine audiovisual systems similar to closed circuit television and telephones has spawned a new time period for this type of training, teletraining. The characteristic on " Sesame Street " illustrates the design and analysis of one among television's favorite children's program as a training device.
5. Simulations
Training simulations replicate the essential traits of the real world which might be essential to produce each learning and the transfer of new knowledge and skills to application settings. Both machine and different forms of simulators exist. Machine simulators typically have substantial degrees of. physical fidelity; that's, they symbolize the real world's operational equipment. The principle goal of simulation, nonetheless, is to produce psychological fidelity, that's, to reproduce in the training those processes that can be required on the job. We simulate for a number of reasons, together with to control the training environment, for safety, to introduce feedback and different learning rules, and to reduce cost.
6. Enterprise games
They're the direct progeny of war games that have been used to train officers in fight strategies for hundreds of years. Nearly all early business games had been designed to teach primary enterprise skills, but more latest games also include interpersonal skills. Monopoly may be considered the quintessential enterprise game for younger capitalists. It's probably the first place children learned the words mortgage, taxes, and go to jail.
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